Factorii de risc pentru plasarea tinerilor în categoria NEET: cazul Republicii Moldova
Keywords:
NEET youth, risk factors, transition to adulthoodAbstract
The proposed study investigates the phenomenon of NEET youth in the specific context of the Republic of Moldova. By focusing on identifying the risk factors that contribute to the inclusion of young individuals in the NEET category, the research aims to provide relevant information regarding the challenges that younger generations face in transition to adulthood. Utilizing statistical data and the results of the “Generations and Gender Survey”, the size and structure of NEET youth are analyzed. Applying the logistic regression method, the study distinctly explores the risk factors for NEET-unemployed and NEET-inactive. This research is committed to making valuable contributions to the scientific field, reflecting on the situation of NEET youth in a country facing multiple economic crises during the market economy consolidation period, associated with a high level of international migration, including among young people. Thus, the study completes the picture regarding the mechanisms leading to the NEET status in Eastern European countries, and provides essential information for the development and implementation of effective policies to reduce the NEET rate among young people.
Downloads
References
Addabbo, Tindara, Paula Rodríguez-Modroño and Lina Gálvez-Muñoz. 2017. “Unemployed and NEET youth: Well-being in a gender perspective–the case of Italy and Spain.” In Young people and the labour market, edited by Floro Caroleo, Olga Demidova, Enrico Marelli and Marcello Signorelli, pp. 158-180. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315178424
Assmann, Marie-Luise and Sven Broschinski. 2021. “Mapping Young NEETs Across Europe: Exploring the Institutional Configurations Promoting Youth Disengagement from Education and Employment.” Journal of Applied Youth Studies 4: 95-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43151-021-00040-w
Avagianou, Athina, Nikos Kapitsinis, Ioannis Papageorgiou, Anne Hege Strand and Stelios Gialis. 2022. “Being NEET in Youthspaces of the EU South: A Post-recession Regional Perspective.” YOUNG 30(5): 425-454. https://doi.org/10.1177/11033088221086365
Beck, Ulrich and Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim. 2002. Individualization: Institutionalized Individualism and Its Social and Political Consequences. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446218693
Becker, Gary S. 1964. Human Capital. A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. New York: Columbia University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/human-capital-theoretical-and-empirical-analysis-special-reference-education-first-edition
Biroul Național de Statistică al Republicii Moldova. 2022. “Tinerii în Republica Moldova în anul 2021.” https://statistica.gov.md/ro/tinerii-in-republica-moldova-in-anul-2021-9578_59664.html
Bojadjieva, Daniela Mamucevska, Marijana Cvetanoska, Kristijan Kozheski, Alen Mujčinović and Slaven Gašparović. 2022. “The impact of education on youth employability: The case of selected southeastern European countries.” Youth & Society 54(2_suppl): 29S-51S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211069403
Bojnec, Štefan. 2021. “Policy and practical lessons learned regarding youth and NEETs in Slovenia.” Calitatea Vieții 32(4): 371-397. https://doi.org/10.46841/RCV.2021.04
Bourdieu, Pierre. 2011. “The forms of capital. (1986).” Cultural theory: An anthology 1: 81-93.
Bradley, Steve, Giuseppe Migali and Maria Navarro Paniagua. 2020. “Spatial variations and clustering in the rates of youth unemployment and NEET: A comparative analysis of Italy, Spain, and the UK.” Journal of Regional Science 60(5): 1074-1107. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12501
Bulanova, Mariana and Ekaterina Artamonova. 2020. “The NEET youth: European context and Russian realities.” RUDN Journal of Sociology 20(1): 64-72. DOI: 10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-1-64-72 (În Rusă).
Caroleo, Floro Ernesto, Antonella Rocca, Paolo Mazzocchi, Claudio Quintano et al. 2020. “Being NEET in Europe Before and After the Economic Crisis: An Analysis of the Micro and Macro Determinants.” Soc Indic Res 149: 991-1024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02270-6
Caroleo, Floro Ernesto, Antonella Rocca, Gabbriela Neagu and Dilyana Keranova. 2021. “NEETs and the Process of Transition From School to the Labor Market: A Comparative Analysis of Italy, Romania, and Bulgaria.” Youth & Society 54: 109S-129S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211056360
Chistruga-Sînchevici, Inga. 2021. Echilibrul dintre muncă și viața de familie: necesități ale părinților și rolul politicilor sociale. Chişinău: INCE. https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.2022.978-9975-89-251-3
Consiliul Uniunii Europene. 2022. Raportul comun privind ocuparea forței de muncă din 2022, 14 martie. Bruxelles. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-7252-2022-INIT/ro/pdf
Crîşmaru, Mariana, Olga Gagauz și Mariana Buciuceanu-Vrabie. 2017. Incluziunea tinerilor aflați în afara sistemului de educație, formare și ocupație profesională (tineri NEET): studiu sociologic. INCE, UNDP. Chișinău.
Demidenko, S. 2022. “NEET-molodezh' kak social'noe javlenie: struktura, osnovanija tipologizacii, podhody k issledovaniju.” In Samoreguljacija v molodezhnoj srede: tipologizacija i modelirovanie: monografija, Ju. A. Zubok, O. A. Aleksandrova and M. B. Bulanova et al., pp. 116-127. FNISC RAN. Belgorod. https://doi.org/10.19181/monogr.978-5-89697-382-9.2022
Esteban-Navarro, Miguel-Ángel, Miguel-Ángel García-Madurga, Tamara Morte-Nadal and Antonia-Isabel Nogales-Bocio. 2020. “The Rural Digital Divide in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Europe-Recommendations from a Scoping Review.” Informatics 7(4): 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics7040054
Eurofound. 2012. NEETs: Young people not in employment, education and training: Characteristics, costs and policy responses in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2806/41578
Eurofound. 2016. Exploring the diversity of NEETs. Publications Office of the European Union. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1602en.pdf
Eurostat. 2023. Glossary: Young people neither in employment nor in education and training (NEET). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Young_people_neither_in_employment_nor_in_education_and_training_(NEET)
Filandri Mariana, Tiziana Nazio and Jacqueline O’Reilly. 2019. “Youth transitions and job quality: How long should they wait and what difference does the family make?” In Youth Labor in Transition. Inequalities, Mobility, and Policies in Europe edited by Jacqueline O’Reilly, pp. 271-594. Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864798.003.0009
Gagauz, Olga, Mariana Buciuceanu-Vrabie și Irina Pahomii. 2017. “Factorii determinanți ai excluziunii ocupaționale a tinerilor.” Revista de Filosofie, Sociologie și Ştiințe Politice 2: 137-147. https://ibn.idsi.md/sites/default/files/imag_file/137-146.pdf
Gagauz, Olga, Mariana Buciuceanu-Vrabie și Irina Pahomii. 2017. “Părăsirea timpurie a sistemului educațional: factori și grupuri de risc.” Akademos 45(2): 98-104. https://ibn.idsi.md/ro/vizualizare_articol/53354
Goliusova, Youliya Vyacheslavovna. 2017. “Molodezhnyj prekariat: problema opredelenija stratifikacionnoj gruppy.” In Informacionno-analiticheskij bjulleten' 2: 69-74. https://doi.org/10.19181/inab.2017.2 (În Rusă).
Grishchenko, Natalia. 2020. “The gap not only closes: Resistance and reverse shifts in the digital divide in Russia.” Telecommunications Policy 44(8): 102004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.102004
Lucas, Samuel R. 2001. “Effectively Maintained Inequality: Education Transitions, Track Mobility, and Social Background Effects.” American Journal of Sociology 106(6): 1642-1690. https://doi.org/10.1086/321300
Mascherini, Massimiliano. 2019. “Origins and future of the concept of NEETs in the European policy agenda.” In Youth Labor in Transition, Inequalities, Mobility, and Policies in Europe, edited by John O’Reilly Janine Leschke, Renate Ortlieb, Martin Seeleib-Kaiser and Paola Villa, pp. 503-529. Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864798.003.0017
O’Higgins, Niall. 2017. Rising to the youth employment challenge: New evidence on key policy issues. International Labour Office. s.l. Geneva: ILO.
Odoardi, Iacopo and Assia Liberatore. 2021. “Youth unemployment: a serious problem for young Italians NEET and a comparison with the social exclusion condition.” Journal of Urban & Regional Analysis 13(1): 177-193. https://doi.org/10.37043/JURA.2021.13.1.11
Petrescu, Claudia, Adriano Mauro Ellena, Maria Fernandes-Jesus and Elena Marta. 2022. “Using Evidence in Policies Addressing Rural NEETs: Common Patterns and Differences in Various EU Countries.” Youth & Society 54(2_suppl): 69S-88S.
Raileanu Szeles, Monica and Mihaela Simionescu. 2022. “Improving the school-to-work transition for young people by closing the digital divide: evidence from the EU regions.” International Journal of Manpower 43(7): 1540-1555. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-03-2021-0190
Redmond, Paul and Ciara McFadden. 2023. “Young People Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET): Concepts, Consequences and Policy Approaches.”The Economic and Social Review 54(4): 285-327. https://www.esri.ie/publications/young-people-not-in-employment-education-or-training-neet-concepts-consequences-and
Rodrik, Dani. 2000. “Institutions for high-quality growth: what they are and how to acquire them.” Studies in comparative international development 35: 3-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02699764
Schoon, Ingrid and Rainer K. Silbereisen. 2009. Transitions from school to work: Globalization, individualization, and patterns of diversity. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511605369
Shanahan, Michael J. 2000. “Pathways to adulthood in changing societies: Variability and mechanisms in life course perspective.” Annual Review of Sociology 26(1): 667-692. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.667
Shestakova, N. N., Skvortsova, M. B. and Kuzmina L. K. 2019 “O chelovecheskom kapitale molodezhi, kotoroy NEET.” [On the human capital of young people who are NEET]. Ekonomika truda 6(1):565-586. https://doi.org/10.18334/et.6.1.40077 (În Rusă).
Simões, Fancisco and Nazare Brito do Rio. (2020). “How to increase rural NEETs professional involvement in agriculture? The roles of youth representations and vocational training packages improvement.” Journal of Rural Studies 75: 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.02.007
Tamesberger, Dennis and Johann Bacher. 2020. “COVID-19 Crisis: How to Avoid a ‘Lost Generation.” Intereconomics 55: 232-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-020-0908-y
Țoc, Sebastian. 2020. “Tinerii vulnerabili şi inegalitatea socială. O analiză a situaţiei sociale a tinerilor NEET în România” Revista de Pedagogie 68(1): 7-29. https://doi.org/10.26755/RevPed/2020.1/7
Unt, Marge, Michael Gebel, Sonia Bertolini, Vassiliki Deliyanni-Kouimtzi and Dirk Hofäcker. 2021. Social exclusion of youth in Europe: The multifaceted consequences of labour market insecurity. Policy press. DOI: 10.47674/9781447358756
Vasile, Valentina and Irina Anghel. 2015. “The educational level as a risk factor for youth exclusion from the labour market” Procedia Economics and Finance 22: 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00227-0
Voicu, Bogdan. 2004. “Capitalul uman: componente, niveluri, structuri. România în context european.” Calitatea Vieții 15(1-2): 137-157. https://revistacalitateavietii.ro/journal/article/view/487
Vremiş, Maria and Natalia Vladicescu. 2020. Migraţia în scop de muncă: Profilul şi provocările actuale ale lucrătorilor migranţi moldoveni în principalele ţări de destinaţie. Organizaţia Internaţională pentru Migraţie. Chișinău.
World Bank. 2019. Enterprise Survey. Moldova 2019 Country Profile. https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/country/Moldova-2019.pdf
Zuccotti, Carolina V. and Jacqueline O’Reilly. 2019. “Ethnicity, gender and household effects on becoming NEET: An intersectional analysis.” Work, employment and society 33(3): 351-373. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017017738945
Zudina, Anna. 2022. “What makes youth become NEET? Evidence from Russia.” Journal of Youth Studies 25(5): 636-649. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2021.1923673
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Romanian Academy Publishing House
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
